FIFA Keeps Fiefdom for Now

As expected, the tournament will still take place in Russia in 2018 and Qatar in 2022, after the 18-month investigation found insufficient evidence of corruption.

Garcia, a former U.,S. attorney, immediately fired back, accusing Eckert of whitewashing his original 430-page report and reporting him to FIFA’s appeals committee. “Today’s decision by the Chairman of the Adjudicatory Chamber contains numerous materially incomplete and erroneous representations of the facts and conclusions detailed in the Investigatory Chamber’s report,” Garcia said.

There’s lots to take issue with here, from the lack of cooperation from several Qatari officials, to Russia’s claim that destroying all records of the bidding process was standard operating procedure and not a cover-up. But the biggest problem remains the complete lack of independent oversight of one of the largest governing bodies in sports, tasked with investigating itself while having little motivation for transparency or the truth.

FIFA is also too big for its own good. Dozens of corruption scandals in the past decade have done little to ebb the endless profits that come from running the most popular sport in the world. FIFA made $2 billion in profit from this year’s World Cup in Brazil. And this in spite of endless protests by the local poor who would see not one cent of that money, and the “slave-like” conditions faced by the migrant workers who built the stadiums.

It will only get worse come 2022. In March, the International Trade Union Confederation estimated that 1,200 migrant workers had already died in Qatar. That number is expected to rise to 4,000 by the time the World Cup comes to Doha. Qatar has pledged numerous times to fix its problem with worker exploitation, most recently in an unenlightening interview with the Associated Press earlier this week. But report by Amnesty International released Wednesday demonstrated heavy foot-dragging by the Qatari government, stating that while some reforms have been proposed, most of them have yet to be implemented and offer solutions that are ancillary at best. “Time is running out fast,” the report states. “The legacy of the FIFA 2022 World Cup would be the hundreds of thousands of workers who were exploited to make it happen.”

While boycotts seem unlikely, foreign governments are remaining watchful of FIFA’s affairs. Unsatisfied with the ethics committee’s decision, the FBI will continue its own three-year investigation of FIFA. Meanwhile, a British MP has asked the UK’s Serious Fraud Office to look into the matter as well.

Supporters of Russia and Qatar will no doubt cry foul, accusing these governments of bias and sour grapes for losing their own bids.

FIFA Corrupt?

Wann Ist Beratung Nach Beratung?

In der Schweiz hat ein Bundesgerichtsentscheid die Diskussion über Vertriebskommissionen für Finanzprodukte geprägt. In Grossbritannien nahm der Gesetzgeber dagegen jüngst mit der Retail Distribution Review die Frage nach den sogenannten Retrozessionen selbst in die Hand. Seit Beginn des Jahres 2013 sind Provisionen der Anbieter von Finanzprodukten für Vermögensverwalter zunächst bei Neukunden untersagt. Die Gebühren für die Beratung müssen transparent angegeben werden, und zudem wurden die Anforderungen an die Ausbildung der Finanzberater nach oben geschraubt. Die Hoffnungen waren hochgesteckt: Finanzberatung sollte durch die Regulierung transparenter, fairer, besser und billiger werden. Es wäre aber zu schön gewesen, um wirklich wahr zu sein.

Die britische Regelung bedeutet, dass die Kunden für die Beratung explizit bezahlen müssen. Was zuvor häufig versteckt durch Provisionszahlungen erfolgte, wird jetzt mit einem Fixtarif, einem Stundenhonorar oder einem Anteil am veranlagten Vermögen abgegolten. Dadurch sollen Berater zu einem tatsächlich unabhängigen Helfer bei Finanzfragen werden. In der Folge der Umkrempelung des Marktes wird aber inzwischen von einer «Beratungslücke» gesprochen. Vor allem viele Privatkunden mit kleinen Vermögen könnten weniger Zuspruch durch Finanzprofis erhalten.

Zunächst sank die Anzahl der Berater im Vereinigten Königreich von 40 600 im Jahr 2011 auf gut 31 220 Anfang 2014, ein Jahr nach der Einführung der neuen Regeln. So kommen schon rein rechnerisch weniger Berater auf die gesamte Bevölkerung. Ob dies allein auf die neue Gesetzgebung zurückzuführen ist, bleibt fraglich. Mit der höheren Anforderung an die Ausbildung musste sicherlich manch früherer Berater aufgeben.

Die «Subventionierung» der Beratertätigkeit durch die Anbieter der Finanzprodukte verzerrte auch die Nachfrage nach Finanztipps. Mit der Abschaffung der Retrozessionen könnte sich auch das «Beratungserlebnis» verschlechtert haben: Kunden mit wenig Geld werden vermehrt als Kostenfaktoren und nicht als Klienten angesehen. Manche grössere Anbieter könnten auch die Palette an Finanzprodukten ausdünnen und verstärkt auf eigene Angebote zurückgreifen.

Der regulatorische Eingriff erfolgte zudem in einer Zeit des Wandels im Banken- und Finanzgeschäft: Die Digitalisierung und die Verbreitung sozialer Netzwerke machen auch vor der Finanzberatung nicht halt. Immer mehr Kunden tätigen vor allem einfache Geschäfte über das Internet. Finanzinstitute versuchen mit dem Ausbau des digitalen Geschäfts zudem auch Kosten zu sparen. Zuletzt kündigte die Grossbank Lloyds einen Stellenabbau und gleichzeitig die Stärkung der digitalen Dienstleistungen an.

Ed Dymott vom Fondsanbieter Fidelity nennt noch zwei andere Faktoren, die den britischen Markt umkrempeln: Erstens habe das Vertrauen in Finanzdienstleistungen abgenommen, was dazu führe, dass mehr Leute in Eigenregie anlegten. Zweitens entstünden neue Geschäftsmodelle und Anbieter, die vor allem internetbasiert arbeiteten.

Laut Fidelity könnte der Marktanteil für reine Ausführungsgeschäfte ohne Beratung in zehn Jahren von derzeit 10% auf 50% steigen. Auf der anderen Seite des Marktes steht die vollumfängliche Beratung gegen Honorar. Dazwischen klafft noch ein Loch: Die britische Aufsichtsbehörde FCA sähe es gerne, wenn es ein Beratungsangebot zu niedrigen Kosten auch für Kunden mit kleinen verfügbaren Mitteln und wenig komplexen Anlagewünschen gäbe. Die Unternehmen drängen auch darauf, Beratung in günstigerer Form per Internet oder Telefon anzubieten, das regulatorische Umfeld ist jedoch noch unklar. FCA und die Branche sind derzeit daran, die Rahmenbedingungen besser abzustecken.

Dabei geht es um Abgrenzungsprobleme: Wann gibt ein Berater eine persönliche Empfehlung ab, die der Regulierung unterliegt, wann ist es nur eine Information? Und wie grenzen sich die vereinfachte sowie die eingeschränkte Beratung voneinander und von einer vollumfänglichen Beratung ab? Solange die Fragen nicht geklärt sind, zeigen sich Finanzunternehmen noch zögerlich, neue Dienste zu niedrigen Kosten anzubieten. Die Branche bringt als Einwände rechtliche Probleme vor: Was passiert, wenn bei einem automatisierten Beratungsprozess, der das systemische Risiko erhöht, eine nicht gewollte Empfehlung passiert? Wer übernimmt die Haftung, wenn ein Privatkunde eine Empfehlung erhält und den Auftrag anderswo ausführen lässt?

Bei der radikalen Reform der Altersvorsorge kümmert sich der Staat aber direkt um die Beratung, damit auch finanzschwache Personen Beistand haben. Ab dem Jahr 2015 können sich Briten, die das 55. Lebensjahr erreicht haben, ihre gesamte Altersvorsorge auszahlen lassen und selbst veranlagen. Dies wird auch eine grosse Veränderung für die Finanzdienstleister nach sich ziehen. Die Nachfrage nach Finanzplänen fürs Alter wird steigen.

London hat nun gemeinnützige Organisationen ernannt, die mit kostenlosem und unparteiischem Rat im persönlichen Gespräch oder per Telefon die Möglichkeiten der Reform erklären sollen. Auch ein Online-Dienst soll eingerichtet werden. Diese Dienstleister werden aber keine Produkte oder Unternehmen empfehlen. Für die privaten Dienstleister wird damit voraussichtlich genügend Arbeit übrig bleiben.

Namibia’s Development Challenged, But May be Newly Oiled

Leaders of Namibia tout development every time a shopping mall opens in the country.  SHops in the centers are South African owned. Profits go back to South Africa.

Namibians are only hired for the most menial jobs, so the mall are not helping employ people.  A local editorial suggests Namibians find a better way to define development and develop.  Shell Oil has returned to explore offshore oil proects.

Shell Oil in Namibia

Diamonds are Botswana’s Best Friend

In 1967 when Botswana became independent, a South Africa geologist discovered kimberlite in the country.  Kimberite is a volcanic rock that hosts diamonds.  Sure enough, Bostwana had the world’s larges supply.

In devleoping the business, Botswana has had a transparent government and turned great wealth into social gains.

In twenty to third years, the supply of diamonds will end, and Botswana is preparing for the future.  They have become a financial services hub for Africa.  And they have figured out how to keep diamonds central.  They have employees already trained in the businesses that surround diamonds:  cutting, setting, poishing and sales.

DeBeers is moving all their sales operations from London to Gabarone.  Major diamond sales take place every five weeks or so.  High end businesss people come from all over the world, and service businesses flourish.

Like Norway which is taking steps to prepare for the end of oil, Botswana is preparing for a time when diamonds can no longer be mined.

Sorting Diamonds

Will Gas Prices Continue to Fall?

Willl gas prices continue to fall? In the US, the price of crude oil makes up 67 percent of the price of gass. Oil prices have been sliding to the lowest prices in years, This is because oil production in the US is booming, Saudi Arabia is unwilling to cut back production, and demand in Asia has dropped.

ALso, during the summer, ‘summer blend gas’ is sold. It is fifteen to twenty cents more expensive than the winter blend now on sale  Summer blend is used to reduce smog when the weather is warm.

Weather has an impact, both on the amount of gas purchased and also on refineries, many of which are in hurricane areas in the US>  Taxes also vary state to state in the US, so you can pay more at the pump in a state that charges a higher tax.

But the bottom line is crude and US production is soaring, which drives prices down.

Gas Prices Falling

US Taxpayer Aid to Warren Buffett and Carlos Slim?

The United States Export-Import Bank is the official export credit agency of the United States. Ex-Im Bank’s mission is to assist in financing the export of U.S. goods and services to international markets.

Ex-Im Bank enables U.S. companies — large and small — to turn export opportunities into real sales that help to maintain and create U.S. jobs and contribute to a stronger national economy.

However, the bank’s mission is to assist companies realize export opportunities and a recent study suggests that it has been aiding companies like those owned by Warren Buffett and Mexco’s Carlos Slim who don’t need tqxpayer help.

What Reuters has uncovered needs further analysis to see whether these smaller companies under larger umbrellas may be deserving.

The Bank says:  “Ex-Im Bank provides working capital guarantees (pre-export financing); export credit insurance; and loan guarantees and direct loans (buyer financing). No transaction is too large or too small. On average, more than 85% of our transactions directly benefit U.S. small businesses.

With 80 years of experience, Ex-Im Bank has supported more than $567 billion of U.S. exports, primarily to developing markets worldwide.”

Buffett

 

Catalonian Independence?

Politicians in both Madrid and Barcelona are using history as a source of rancor. Spanish nationalists argue that Catalonia was always part of Spain. At the same time, Catalans trace their independent identity back to the 13th century and say they have a right to express their will. Spain’s 1978 constitution doesn’t allow any region to vote alone on independence: Either all of Spain votes on the Catalan question, or no one does. Spain’s Socialist Party, which draws considerable support from Catalonia in Parliament, is proposing a wide-ranging reform of the constitution to clear the way for a negotiated setlement.  Many Catalans say it’s too late for that now.

Catalonia won back control of its health, education and language policies after Franco’s death in 1975, although it didn’t get the tax-raising power awarded to Spain’s Basque Country, where terror group ETA has killed more than 800 people during its own four-decade campaign for independence. Catalonia’s powers were extended with a 2006 law that included references to the region as a separate “nation” and guaranteed the region’s share of public investment. When large parts of that law were struck down in 2010, many Catalans decided their future lay outside of Spain and support for independence surged. Catalonia’s ballot would have come less than two months after Scotland voted to remain part of the U.K., though that referendum was sanctioned by the British government. The votes are emboldening from places like Flanders and Venice, where smaller nationalist groups aspire to dismantle European states forged in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Catalonian Independence?

Middle Class Growth in Sub Saharan Africa

While Africa’s middle class may be smaller than the oft-reported figure of 300-million, it is growing at a strong rate – and the broad-based income growth is likely to encourage more companies to invest in the region, according to a report released by Standard Bank.  There are 15-million middle-class households in 11 of sub-Saharan Africa’s top economies this year, up from 4.6-million in 2000 and 2.4-million in 1990, the report states. This represents an increase of 230% over 14 years. The report, titled “Understanding Africa’s middle class”, found that the combined GDPs of the 11 measured economies – Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia – had grown tenfold since 2000.

Income discrepancies, however, are vast among the 11 economies, with almost 86% of the 110-million households falling within the low-income band. This is expected to fall to around 75% by 2030. “While the scale of Africa’s middle-class ascent has, we believe, been somewhat exaggerated in line with the at times breathless ‘Africa Rising’ narrative, there is still plenty of scope for measured optimism regarding the size of the middle class in several key Sub-Saharan Africa economies,” said Simon Freemantle, an economist.

Freemantle said there was cause for optimism among investors as the results suggest even greater scope for future growth. The number of middle-class households in the sub-Saharan African countries is likely to increase significantly in the next 15 years. “Including lower-middle-class households, the overall number swells to over 40-million households by 2030, from around 15-million today,” the report says. The 11 countries covered by the report account for half Africa’s total GDP (75% if South Africa is excluded) and half its population. The figure of 300-million middle-class Africans – one-third of Africa’s people – comes from a study by the African Development Bank in 2011, which defined “middle class” as earning between $4 and $20 a day. “Such individuals would still be exceptionally vulnerable to various economic shocks, and prone to lose their middle-income status,” Freemantle said.

The report found there was “an undeniable swelling” of Africa’s middle class, irrespective of which methodology was used. “Reliable and proven data should if anything spur more interest in the continent’s consumer potential by adding depth to what was previously conjecture,” said Freemantle. As a caution, the report states: “Though there has been a meaningful individual lift in income, it is clear that a substantial majority of individuals in most countries we looked at still live on or below the poverty line (measured as those with a daily income of USD2 or less).”

Infrastrcture Growth in Africa

Russia and China Inking Energy Deals

Keith Johnson writes:  Russia and China took a giant step toward closer economic and political ties with an agreement on another massive energy deal that promises to tighten the bear hug between Moscow and Beijing for decades to come.

The preliminary accord, which comes just months after China and Russia inked a $400 billion natural gas deal, is a reflection of the shifting balance of power in Asia. It’s a marriage based on needs: Russia’s to break out of the isolation imposed by the West in the wake of its annexation of Crimea and China’s for reliable and affordable sources of energy.

Coupled with China’s new trade pacts with U.S. partners such as Austraia and South Korea to a push for Chinese-led development banks that can wrest financing muscle from the West — the latest gas deal shows what kind of challenges await the U.S. economic and diplomatic pivot to Asia.

Russia and China signed a memorandum of understanding on a second gas-export route from western Siberia to China’s western provinces. The 30-year accord, if consummated, would see Russia ship 30 billion cubic meters of gas to China starting in 2018 and would see Russia gain a big new customer right as it is feeling the squeeze from Western financial sanctions. Together with the deal signed in May, Russia could supply at least 68 billion cubic meters of gas annually to China, or about one-fifth of that country’s expected gas demand in 2020.

The deal is far from complete, but it shows the direction of Russia-China relations. Moscow has intensified its efforts to make a deal since the West slapped sanctions on it energy, defense and finance sectors. China too seems more enthusiastic.  China is trying to reduce the importance of coal in its energy mix.  It needs huge amounts of natural gas. While the country ramps up its own production and has gas-import deals with Central Asian countries and more than a dozen gas-importing terminals mushrooming on the coast, Russia’s massive gas fields offer a close and ready supply of clean fuel.

Putin Takes Off his Coat

Will Russia Tank?

Mohamed A. El_Erian writes:  The central bank of Russia appears to be losing control of its currency market.  Here are the seven things to know about what’s going on in Russia now.

  1. Buffeted by Western sanctions and lower oil prices, Russia has suffered a significant decline in net foreign earnings. Capital is fleeing the country, and corporations and households are looking to switch out of rubles and into dollars and other “hard” currencies. The result has been a sharp fall in both international reserves and the value of the ruble, contributing to a rising threat of domestic financial turmoil.
  2. At the same time, it is only a matter of time until the country’s economy has to deal with an even stronger stagflationary wind. The currency’s sharp depreciation is sure to fuel inflation, while the drop in foreign income will curtail domestic economic activity.
  3. The central bank’s retreat from propping up the ruble highlights the fix the country is in. The authorities’ initial response was to use ample international reserves to counter the impact of sanctions imposed by the West.  They backed this up by intervening in the foreign-exchange and repo markets, which readily exchange securities for cash,  and by raising interest rates.  This moderated what would have been more disorderly pressures on the ruble and an even faster loss of confidence. But the subsequent collapse in oil prices and the pickup in capital flight overwhelmed this strategy, forcing the central bank last week to retreat from its policy and fully float the currency.
  4. The country’s foreign-exchange situation could spin further out of control, at one extreme, or the Russian authorities might respond strongly with higher interest rates and spending cuts.  Either approach would risk depressing economic activity even more in the short run. The most likely outcome is somewhere in between — some interest-rate increases and the use of controls to try to buy time by limiting dollar use and channeling more foreign exchange to the government.
  5. While Russia’s creditworthiness is under significant pressure, with international reserves still above $400 billion, the country’s debt-servicing capacity isn’t exhausted, provided the authorities can better manage the movement from rubles into dollars. Yet even then, it is probably only a matter of time until the country loses its investment-grade credit rating, raising its borrowing costs and narrowing further its creditor base. The situation will be acute for companies and banks whose balance-sheet positioning requires them to pay more rubles to obtain the dollars needed to meet their foreign obligations.
  6. The negative spillover effects of Russia’s financial turmoil are a lot less than they were in 1998. While some Western banks and investors still have notable exposures, quite a few responded to Western sanctions in the last few months by reducing their holdings and preparing for further turmoil.
  7. President Vladimir Putin, whose popularity surged when he acted in Ukraine earlier this year, faces one of two choices:  He can moderate Russia’s involvement in Ukraine as a means of relaxing Western sanctions. Or he can press even harder in Ukraine to distract attention at home away from the economy but risk another round of sanctions and countersanctions that would aggravate the economic and financial turmoil in Russia, and potentially tip Europe into recession.  The market implications of the two courses are polar opposites.

Aggravated by lower oil prices, the recent financial turmoil reflects the geopolitical tensions and Russia’s decision to favor regional adventures over internal economic and financial stability. The sovereign analysis that the vast majority of investors use isn’t often comprehensive enough to easily and effectively capture this reality.

Russian Economy