Russia’s involvement in Ukraine  has resulted in sanctions and travel bans on dozens of officials and a prohibition of the sale of American technology and services to help Russia tap its potentially enormous energy resources in the Arctic.

President Vladimir V. Putin views those as hostile acts.   “There is a pushing of the envelope here,” said Senator Lisa Murkowski, Republican of Alaska, who attended the meeting of the Artic Council as part of an American delegation led by Secretary of State John Kerry.

“The Arctic should be this zone of peace,” Ms. Murkowski said during a recent speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, alluding to the council’s founding purpose. “I absolutely believe that, adhere to it, but I also recognize that within a zone of peace, there is respect that you show for one another.”

The Arctic Council — made up of Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States, as well as observer nations and organizations — was created in 1996 as a diplomatic forum to address issues that arose from the increased activity in the region.

The council was never intended to be a forum for debating military and security matters, and until recently, it appeared to be immune to broader political differences.

At the council’s meeting in Nuuk, Greenland, in 2011, the members adopted their first legally binding agreement to coordinate search-and-rescue operations over 13 million square miles of ocean.

At this year’s meeting, the nations agreed to discuss how to reduce the amount of methane and black carbon emitted by burning wood or fuels in the Arctic.

Russia’s military activity in the Arctic and its vast territorial claim to waters there highlight the strategic priority that Mr. Putin has given to the region. The intensifying competition over natural resources has increased the possibility of confrontation.

The spat over the Russian excursion to the North Pole centered on the delegation’s layover in the Svalbard archipelago, Norwegian territory about 500 miles north of the mainland that, under a 1920 treaty, grants commercial and residential rights to other countries, including Russia.

The United States has taken over the chairmanship of the council from Canada, allowing it to set the organization’s agenda for the next two years until the next summit meeting, to be held in Alaska.

In his remarks on Friday, US Secretary of State Kerry outlined what he called an ambitious set of goals, focused on ocean safety and security, economic development and, in particular, several steps to address climate change as part of President Obama’s push for stronger international action.