Barclays was one of the last major international banks to still accept accounts held by money-transfer operators (MTOs), whose activities are seen in the West as open to abuse. But a record $1.9 billion fine slapped on HSBC by U.S. authorities for conducting business with banks in Mexico and Saudi Arabia with possible links to drug trafficking and terrorism appears to have tipped the balance for Barclays. The profit margins no longer seem worth the reputational risk. Now, ironically, Barclays finds itself in the role of “bad guy” by dint of its slowness in pulling out of the MTO sector.

“At the end of the day, the money will still come in, but at much higher transaction cost and with less transparency,” says Shire, Somaliland’s minister of planning. “So who do you punish by doing this? Is it the pirate, the terrorist, or the poor man?”  Money Transfers in Somaliland